yemenjmedYemen Journal of MedicinecoVolume 3 Issue 2MultidisciplinaryEnglishMay-August 2024NNY20240911ArticleIncidence and epidemiological features of urogenital tuberculosis among adult inhabitants in QatarEnglishY141147Fahmi Yousef Khan1EnglishNMuzamilMusa1EnglishYIbrahim MObeidat1EnglishYLoaiAbdullah1EnglishYGihanMohamed1EnglishYAhmedKordi2EnglishYEmad MohammedAl-Madani3EnglishYMusaab FahmiYousef4EnglishY10.18231/j.yjom.2024.011Background: Urogenital tuberculosis (UGTB) has not been extensively studied in the Gulf region, particularly in Qatar. This study aimed to describe the incidence, demography, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes of UGTB among adult patients in Qatar. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2020, in six centers of Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar. All patients with UGTB admitted or treated at these centers were included in the study. Results: During the study period, we recruited 106 patients with isolated or combined UGTB, representing 0.4 percent of all TB cases and an incidence of 0.7 new UGTB cases per 100,000 population in Qatar between 2015 and 2020. Most patients were males [79 (74.5%)] and non-Qataris [102 (96.2%)]. The mean age of the patients was 40.60 ± 11.39 years. The mean illness duration was 86.98±129.84 days, and the most frequent presenting symptom was abdominal pain [51(48.1%)]. UGTB was diagnosed by direct bacilli identification or culture growth in 34 (32.1%) patients; histopathology in 55 (51.9 %) patients; and a combination of strong clinical, laboratory, and radiographic evidence of UGTB without microbiological or histological confirmation in 17 (16.0%) patients. All patients received anti-tuberculosis therapy with various durations, while surgical interventions were reported in 73(68.9%) cases. Most patients, 85 (80.2%), completed their treatment in Qatar, while 21 (19.8%) left the country before completion, and no mortalities had been reported. cONCLUSIONThe diagnosis of UGTB is generally delayed due to vague clinical features. Awareness of UGTB is essential for physicians to suspect this disease in patients with unexplained urogenital symptoms, especially in patients from TB-endemic areas or with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis.EnglishUrogenital tuberculosis, Isolated urogenital tuberculosis, Antituberculosis drugs, Qatar, Chemotherapy, Incidencehttps://yemenjmed.com/admin/abstract?id=116References16191. WHO report; 2023. Available from: https://www.who.int/teams/ global-tuberculosis-programme/tb-reports/global-tuberculosisreport-2023.2. WHO. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/ detail/tuberculosis#:~:text=TB%20occurs%20in%20every%20part.3. Kulchavenya E, Naber K, Johansen TE. Urogenital tuberculosis: classification, diagnosis, and treatment. Eur Urol Suppl. 2016;15(4):112and;ndash;33.4. Kulchavenya E, and;Ccedil;ek M. The therapy for urogenital tuberculosis. Marmara Med J. 2023;36(3):377and;ndash;82.5. Incidence rate of tuberculosis in Qatar from 2006 to 2022. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/681401/ qatar-incidence-rate-of-tuberculosis/#:~:text=The%20number% 20of%20tuberculosis%20infections,infections%20than%20the% 20preceding%20years.6. Khattab MA, Khan FY, Maslamani A, Gendy E, Al-Khal, Soub A, et al. Pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Qatar: A first retrospective population-based study. Adv Infect Dis. 2015;5(4):148and;ndash; 53.7. Kulchavenya E. Urogenital tuberculosis: definition and classification. . Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2014;2(5-6):117and;ndash;39.8. Muneer A, Macrae B, Krishnamoorthy S, Zumla A. Urogenital tuberculosis - epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical features. Nat Rev Urol. 2019;16(10):573and;ndash;98.9. Ray S, Magazine BC. Trends in genitourinary tuberculosis. Int J Basic Med Sci Pharm. 2012;2(2):62and;ndash;5.10. Buchhz NP, Haque R, Salahuddin S. Genitourinary tuberculosis: a profile of 55 inpatients. J Pak Med Assoc. 2000;50(8):265and;ndash;74.11. Hassan I, Khan AR, Samreen Z, Baloch K, Zahir A. Clinical characteristics and outcome of genitourinary tuberculosis in Balochistan: An observational study. . Prof Med J. 2024;31:326and;ndash;63.12. Chandran S, Rahman A, Norris JM, Tiberi S, Kunst H. Diagnostic pitfalls of urogenital tuberculosis. Trop Med Int Health. 2021;26(6):753and;ndash;62.13. Khan FY. Clinical pattern of tuberculous adenitis in Qatar: experience with 35 patients. Scand J Infect Dis. 2009;41(2):128and;ndash;62.14. Figueiredo AA, Lucon AM, Gomes CM, Srougi M. Urogenital tuberculosis: patient classification in seven different groups according to clinical and radiological presentation. Int Braz J Urol. 2008;34(4):422and;ndash;54.15. Hsieh HC, Lu JL, Chen YH, Chen TC, Tsai JJ, Chang K. Genitourinary tuberculosis in a medical center in southern Taiwan: an eleven-year experience. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2006;39(5):408and;ndash; 21.16. Kim JK, Bang WJ, Oh CY, Yoo C, Cho JS. Feasibility of the interferon-and;gamma; release assay for the diagnosis of genitourinary tuberculosis in an endemic area. Korean J Urol. 2013;54(2):123and;ndash;6.17. Zumla A, James DG. Granulomatous infections: etiology and classification. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;23(1):146and;ndash;58.18. Figueiredo AA, Lucon AM, Junior RF, Srougi M. Epidemiology of urogenital tuberculosis worldwide. Int J Urol. 2008;15(9):827and;ndash;32.19. Figueiredo AA, Lucon AM, Srougi M. Urogenital tuberculosis. . Microb Spectr. 2017;5(1):10and;ndash;28.