yemenjmedYemen Journal of MedicinecoVolume 1 Issue 1MultidisciplinaryEnglishJanuary - June 2022NNY20250327ArticleSystemic lupus erythematosus manifestation following COVID-19 infection: A coincidental or causal relationshipEnglishY4648Muhammed Hajmusa1EnglishNRaza AliAkbar2EnglishY3EnglishY10.32677/yjm.v1i1.3271Several intricate interactions of environmental and genetic factors can lead to autoimmune conditions in susceptible hosts. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex systemic autoimmune disease which can be triggered or exacerbated by infection or infectious reactions. The causal link between infections and autoimmunity has been established through clinical studies. Although several viral infections have been associated with SLE, yet the impact of COVID-19 on SLE onset and flares has not been well established. We report a young female who developed new-onset SLE shortly after having COVID-19 infection. Her clinical and lab parameters were highly suggestive of SLE and she responded to standard medical therapy. We also briefly discuss the pathogenetic mechanisms of autoimmunity in cases of viral infections.EnglishAutoimmunity, Covid-19, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Systemic lupus erythematosushttps://yemenjmed.com/admin/abstract?id=15References16191.Nelson P, Rylance P, Roden D, et al. Viruses as potential pathogenic agents in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2014;23:596-605.2. Jog NR, James JA. Epstein barr virus and autoimmune responses in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2021;11:623944.3. Illescas-Montes R, Corona-Castro CC, Melguizo-Rodrand;iacute;guez L, et al. Infectious processes and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology 2019;158:153-60.4. Qiu CC, Caricchio R, Gallucci S. Triggers of autoimmunity: The role of bacterial infections in the extracellular exposure of lupus nuclear autoantigens. Front Immunol 2019;10:2608.5. Quaglia M, Merlotti G, De Andrea M, et al. Viral infections and systemic lupus erythematosus: New players in an old story. Viruses 2021;13:277.6. Zamani B, Moeini Taba SM, Shayestehpour M. Systemic lupusand;nbsp;erythematosus manifestation following COVID-19: A case report. J Med Case Rep 2021;15:29.7. Khalid M, Rogers S, Fatima A, et al. A flare of systemic lupus erythematosus disease after COVID-19 infection: A case of lupus cerebritis. Cureus 2021;13:E16104.8. Gracia-Ramos AE, Saavedra-Salinas Mand;Aacute;. Can the SARS-CoV-2 infection trigger systemic lupus erythematosus? A case-based review. Rheumatol Int 2021;41:799-809.9. Zurita MF, Arreaga AI, Chavez AA, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID19 in 5 patients in ecuador after prior treatment with hydroxychloroquine for systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Case Rep 2020;21:E927304.10. Sukhdeo S, Negroponte E, Rajasekhar H, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19 in a child with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2021;30:836-9.11. Mantovani Cardoso E, Hundal J, Feterman D, et al. Concomitant new diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus and COVID-19 with possible antiphospholipid syndrome. Just a coincidence? A case report and review of intertwining pathophysiology. Clin Rheumatol 2020;39:2811-5.12. Reynolds S. Autoimmune Response Found in Many with COVID-19. National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; 2022. Available from: Https://www.nih.gov/news-events/ nih-research-matters/autoimmune-response-found-many-covid-19 [Last accessed on 2022 Jan 01].13. Gao ZW, Wang X, Lin F. The correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and rheumatic disease. Autoimmun Rev 2020;19:102557.14. Saad MA, Alfishawy M, Nassar M, et al, Elbendary A. COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review of reported cases. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2021;17:193-204.15. Joo YB, Lim YH, Kim KJ, et al. Respiratory viral infections and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2019;21:199.