yemenjmedYemen Journal of MedicinecoVolume 3 Issue 1MultidisciplinaryEnglishJanuary-April 2024NNY20240511ArticleUpdated review on malignancy-associated venous thromboembolism: Pathogenesis and comparison between various therapeutic modalitiesEnglishY420ElmukhtarHabas1EnglishNAlaHabas2EnglishYAmnnaRayani3EnglishYKalifaFarfar4EnglishYEsharkHabas5EnglishYJamalAlfitori1EnglishYMehdiArrayes1EnglishYAmlHabas6EnglishYAbdel-Monem BadawiYousif7EnglishYAbdel-NaserElzouk1EnglishY10.32677/yjm.v3i1.4547Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the life-threatening complications in cancer patients, the incidence of which is affected by the patient and malignancy-related variables. Location, type, therapeutic route, stage, grade, and non-supportive treatment of the cancer are the most important VTE risk factors. Patient age, ethnicity, and concomitant genetic or acquired comorbidities or thrombophilias are known risk factors for VTE in cancer. All high-risk cancer patients admitted to hospitals or treated as outpatients should receive VTE prophylaxis. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is the main treatment for active malignant VTE. Vitamin K antagonists and non-vitamin K-dependent oral anticoagulants are used in stable, nonbleeding cancer patients. Anticoagulation should be continued until the cancer is treated or at least controlled. Over the past two decades, randomized clinical and observational trials have improved the pathogenesis and therapeutic knowledge of VTE, but many challenges remain. The lack of an optimal primary prophylaxis method for inpatients and outpatients in oncology and the care of cancer-associated VTE in standard and high-bleeding risk groups are examples for which more clinical research on cancer-associated thrombosis is necessary to address these issues. In this review, we describe the pathogenesis, factors that increase the risk of VTE, and the comparison between the effectiveness of available anticoagulants in the treatment and prevention of VTE in cancer patients.EnglishAnticoagulation in malignancy, Cancer and direct oral anticoagulant, Low molecular weight heparin in malignancy, Venous thromboembolism in cancer, Vitamin K antagonist in cancer, Warfarin in malignancyhttps://yemenjmed.com/admin/abstract?id=91References1619Ashorobi D, Ameer MA, Fernandez R. Thrombosis. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538430/. Accessed, Feb 2024. Ge SQ, Tao X, Cai LS, et al. Associations of hormonal contraceptives and infertility medications on the risk of venous thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular disease in women. J. Investig. Med. 2019;67:729and;ndash;735. Hotoleanu C. 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