Mastering the Art of Efficient Literature Reviews: A Practical Guide for Medical Professionals and Students

Mostafa Essam Eissa¹

Keywords: PICO/PECO, PRISMA, evidence-based medicine, information retrieval, medical research, critical appraisal, information science, bibliographic databases, reference management, research methodology, medical education

DOI: 10.63475/yjm.v4i2.0141

DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.63475/yjm.v4i2.0141

Publish Date: 22-09-2025

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Pages: 252 - 265

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Downloads: 2

Citation: 0

Author Affiliation:

1 MSc (Pharmaceutical Sciences), Pharmaceutical Scientist | Certified Six Sigma Green Belt, Independent Researcher and Freelance Consultant, Former Inspector in CAPA

Abstract

The exponential growth of biomedical literature presents both an unprecedented opportunity and a significant challenge for medical professionals and students. Conducting a thorough yet efficient literature review is a fundamental skill, essential for evidence-based practice (EBP), research, education, and scholarly writing. However, navigating this vast information landscape effectively remains a common hurdle. This review aims to provide a comprehensive, step-by-step guide to conducting efficient and rigorous literature reviews tailored to the needs of medical professionals and students. It focuses on practical strategies, critical appraisal techniques, synthesis methods, and leveraging technology to optimize the process while maintaining scientific integrity. A narrative review methodology was employed, synthesizing established principles and methods from evidence-based medicine, information science, and academic writing. Key sources include guidelines from major medical libraries, EBP resources, and authoritative texts on research methodology and critical appraisal. The review outlines a structured approach encompassing: defining a focused question using frameworks like Participants; Intervention/Exposure; Comparison; and Outcome (PICO/PECO); developing and executing a systematic search strategy across multiple databases; efficient screening and selection of relevant literature; critical appraisal of study quality and relevance; effective synthesis of findings (narrative, thematic, or tabular); clear and concise writing; and strategies for maintaining currency. Emphasis is placed on leveraging technology (reference managers, databases, and AI tools) cautiously and avoiding common pitfalls, such as scope creep and uncritical acceptance of findings. A life-long experience that the academic writer learns through life, and yet may fall into them easily. An efficient literature review is not merely about speed, but about systematic rigor, critical thinking, and strategic use of resources. By adopting the structured, technology-enhanced, and critically appraised approach outlined, medical professionals and students can navigate the literature effectively, saving valuable time while producing high-quality, evidence-informed outputs for clinical practice, research, and education.

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