Preparation and Evaluation of a Thermoadhesive Gel Formula Containing Pioglitazone as a Drug Carrier to the Brain Through the Nasal Cavity

Hussam M. Al-Mosabi¹, Shawqi H. Alawdi², Wafa M. Al-Madhagi³, Sami H. Alrabahi⁴

Keywords: Thermo-adhesive gels, pioglitazone, Alzheimer’s disease

DOI: 10.63475/yjm.v4i2.0036

DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.63475/yjm.v4i2.0036

Publish Date: 22-09-2025

Download PDF

Pages: 333 - 338

Citation: 0

Author Affiliation:

1 Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Nasser University, Sana’a, Yemen
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
3 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
4 Assistant Professor, Science and Industrial Pharmacy, Research and Development Department, Shiba Pharmaceuticals & Chemicals Mfg. Co. Ltd, Sana’a, Yemen

Abstract

Background: Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, has demonstrated potential in managing Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, its oral administration is limited by systemic side effects such as cardiovascular risks and hepatotoxicity. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a thermo-adhesive intranasal gel containing pioglitazone, utilizing Poloxamer 407 and Carbomer, as a targeted drug delivery system for AD.

Methods: A series of gel formulations was prepared and assessed for gelling capacity, homogeneity, pH, and stability. The solubility of pioglitazone in various solvents was tested, and the optimal thermo-adhesive gel was selected based on gelation at physiological temperature (37°C–39°C).

Results: The formulation containing 3 g Poloxamer 407 and 0.8 mg Carbomer successfully transitioned into a gel at body temperature and maintained physical stability over 2 months under accelerated conditions. The pH remained within the acceptable intranasal range (5.7–6.0), and no visual or olfactory changes were observed.

Conclusions: The developed thermo-adhesive intranasal gel offers a promising alternative to oral pioglitazone delivery for AD, with the potential for enhanced Central Nervous System (CNS) targeting and reduced systemic side effects. Further toxicity and in vivo efficacy studies are warranted to confirm safety and therapeutic value.

---