Pattern of Transfusion Transmissible Infections, ABO and RH Blood Groups, and Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Phenotypes in Voluntary Non-Remunerated Blood Donors in Ibadan, Nigeria

Sunday Peter Ogundeji¹, Oladapo Wale Aworanti², Tolulope Olanike Akinyemi³, Titilola Stella Akingbola⁴

Keywords: VNRD, ABO blood group, HIV, transfusion transmission infections

DOI: 10.63475/yjm.v4i3.0176

DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.63475/yjm.v4i3.0176

Publish Date: 31-12-2025

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Pages: 580 - 587

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Author Affiliation:

1 Consultant Haematologist, University College Hospital, Ibadan/Senior Lecturer, Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
2 Consultant Haematologist, University College Hospital, Ibadan/Lecturer, Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
3 Assistant Director, Medical Laboratory Science, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
4 Consultant Haematologist, University College Hospital, Ibadan/Professor, Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Voluntary Non-Remunerated Donors (VNRD) are the safest source of blood and blood products with lower seroprevalence rates of transfusion transmission infections (TTIs); however, they constitute the minority of donors in Nigeria. This study aimed to describe the pattern of TTIs, ABO and Rh blood groups, and hemoglobin electrophoresis among VNRD.

Methods: This was a 7-year retrospective review of VNRD data on demographic, seroprevalence of TTIs, ABO, and Rh blood groups, and hemoglobin electrophoresis over 7 years in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria.

Results: A total of 6003 VNRD donated over the study period. The overall seroprevalence (95% CI) of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Syphilis were 3.7% (3.2, 4.2), 1.2% (1.0), 1.6% (1.3, 1.9), and 0.5% (0.3, 0.7), respectively. Males’ seroprevalence rates were significantly higher than females for HCV (1.4% vs. 0.5%; P = 0.032) and HIV (1.8% vs. 0.7%; P = 0.013). The prevalence of blood groups O, A, B, and AB were 55.1%, 21.2%, 20.0%, and 3.9%, respectively, while hemoglobin electrophoretic phenotypes A, A, Haemoglobin AS (AS), and Haemoglobin AC (AC) were 72.4%, 21.7%, and 5.9%, respectively.

Conclusions: This study revealed that HBV has the highest seroprevalence, and the TTI seroprevalence is higher among male than female donors.

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